Moscow has confidently demonstrated its growing influence in the Global South and its image as one of the leaders of the global majority
The past year has been very successful for Russia’s ‘Turn to the East’ foreign policy strategy. It seems that Russia has finally fully realized that moving in the direction of Asia promises tangible political and economic dividends.
In addition, Russian businessmen, officials, scientists, and cultural figures have mastered the intricacies of working with colleagues from Asia since the new iron curtain appeared on Russia’s western borders three years ago, and are now much better able to navigate a working environment that had been relatively new to them.
In 2022, dozens of companies and departments came to us at the Institute of China and Modern Asia with fear in their eyes, asking for a seminar or briefing on how to communicate with colleagues from China, India, Vietnam, or Indonesia. Today, we see fewer and fewer such panic attacks.
The acquisition of new skills has borne fruit. In 2024, Russian foreign policy managed to achieve a number of significant breakthroughs in the east and the south. This has consequently strengthened its efforts to form a Great Eurasian Partnership, which is the main task of domestic diplomacy in the current decade.
The most important role in this was played by the BRICS summit in Kazan, which brought together delegations from 36 countries, including 22 heads of state. Regardless of the summit’s practical results (which can be debated), Russia confidently demonstrated its growing influence in the Global South and its image as one of the leaders of the global majority. The Kazan summit was the largest event in terms of the number of heads of state in the country’s history, and its main message was addressed primarily to the West, whose efforts to isolate Russia on the world stage have obviously failed.
Russia’s efforts to develop BRICS into the world’s main non-Western force have been fully justified.
Given that incoming US President Donald Trump has threatened BRICS with 100% tariffs in the event that the bloc introduces its own currency, it is clear that the United States has begun to see BRICS as a key rival.
At bilateral level, Russia has managed to achieve significant success with India, whose Prime Minister Narendra Modi traveled to Moscow in July for a visit that was also very demonstrative for the West.
India has become our country’s largest energy partner in South Asia, and rapprochement with it creates the basis on which to successfully implement one of Russia’s most ambitious Eurasian projects – the North-South transport corridor. Though the country will undoubtedly continue to pursue a multi-directional foreign policy, it’s indisputable that relations with Russia are one of Delhi’s main focuses today.
Forming personal relationships with the leaders of key Asian countries is clearly becoming a trend in Vladimir Putin’s foreign policy strategy, and it was chosen very well, taking into account the specifics of Oriental cultures. For example, Uzbek experts say the good relations between the leaders of Russia and Uzbekistan have become the main argument in favor of the Rosatom project, which was opposed by the pro-Western part of the establishment in Tashkent.
Another testament to the importance of the ‘personal factor’ is the rapprochement with Malaysia, where Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim actively participated in the Eastern Economic Forum in September.
Russia continues to dynamically establish ties with the ASEAN countries, and simultaneously including four of them – Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia – as new BRICS partners symbolizes Russia’s political breakthrough in Southeast Asia. However, this now needs to be reinforced by economic successes, and so far, there haven’t been many.
Moscow has also managed to establish reliable contact with Iran’s new president, Masoud Pezeshkian. The Comprehensive Partnership Agreement between Russia and Iran is already ready to sign and will serve as further confirmation for both countries of their commitment to consolidating their efforts to confront the West.
The delay in signing the agreement, which also contains a defense component, may be related to upcoming negotiations between Russia and the United States on the Ukrainian issue. However, it is clear that the agreement will be signed in the near future, one way or another, and Iran will, de jure, become Moscow’s ally – if not a military-political one, then at least an economic one, which is also critically important for Russia’s Eurasian projects.
And in the Far East, North Korea has become a new ally for Moscow.
The Comprehensive Partnership Agreement ratified in November transforms the relations between the two countries, which were practically nonexistent 25 years ago, into a full-fledged military-political alliance. In answer to the formation of the ‘triangle’ military partnership between the United States, Japan, and South Korea, this treaty de facto forms a symmetrical triangle between Russia, China, and the DPRK, which paradoxically removes the long-standing problem of security and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula from the agenda. With direct legal guarantees from major nuclear powers, neither security nor existing weapons on the peninsula are now in danger.
There has also been a subtle but significant breakthrough in the development of relations with China, which is invariably Russia’s main partner in Asia. The number of trips made by Russian citizens to China in 2024 is expected to have grown by 2.5 times. China is rapidly becoming the leading outbound destination for both businessmen and tourists, overtaking the Emirates, Egypt, and Thailand, and quickly catching up with Turkey. The tourist flow in the opposite direction has grown by an unprecedented sevenfold in a year. Masterfully overcoming visa queues and payment problems, as well as language and cultural barriers, Russians and Chinese citizens continue to rapidly move closer together, do business, build partnerships, and get to know each other. This means that a strategic partnership is being formed, and the ‘turn to the East’ is being made not only in politics, business, culture, and sports, but also in our minds.
